目前，多數燃煤電廠以“廢水分級、梯級利用、高鹽廢水最少化”的原則進行全廠水資源綜合利用優化，脫硫廢水成為火電廠最終末端高鹽廢水。一般根據脫硫廢水的水質和水量情況進行分段處理，構成一套完整的脫硫廢水零排放處理(li)系(xi)統，其處理(li)過程(cheng)主(zhu)要包括預處理(li)，濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)縮減(jian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，末(mo)端固(gu)(gu)化三個部(bu)分。其中濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)縮減(jian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)部(bu)分是最主(zhu)要的(de)(de)環節，結(jie)合(he)廢(fei)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)、含鹽量(liang)(liang)(liang)大小選擇合(he)適(shi)的(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)縮設備(bei)，提(ti)高鹽濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)度，實現(xian)廢(fei)水(shui)減(jian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)化，降低后(hou)續末(mo)端固(gu)(gu)化的(de)(de)投資和運行費用(yong)(yong)。目(mu)前，濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)縮減(jian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)比較成(cheng)熟的(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)包括膜(mo)法(fa)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)縮和熱(re)法(fa)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)縮，其中膜(mo)法(fa)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)縮是現(xian)階段(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)主(zhu)流技(ji)(ji)術(shu)。濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)縮減(jian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)處理(li)后(hou)最終形(xing)成(cheng)了(le)高含鹽濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)水(shui)，這類廢(fei)水(shui)通常采用(yong)(yong)末(mo)端固(gu)(gu)化處理(li)。現(xian)階段(duan)(duan)，脫硫廢(fei)水(shui)末(mo)端固(gu)(gu)化的(de)(de)主(zhu)流技(ji)(ji)術(shu)有(you)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)塘、蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)結(jie)晶(jing)、煙(yan)氣蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)干燥等。蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)塘設備(bei)也具有(you)占地(di)面積較大、基建費用(yong)(yong)較高、蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)水(shui)分無法(fa)充分回收利用(yong)(yong)、蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)過程(cheng)中污染物易進入(ru)空(kong)氣造成(cheng)污染等缺(que)點(dian)，從而限制(zhi)了(le)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)塘技(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)廣泛(fan)應用(yong)(yong)。近兩年成(cheng)為熱(re)點(dian)的(de)(de)煙(yan)氣蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)干燥技(ji)(ji)術(shu)利用(yong)(yong)煙(yan)氣熱(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)將末(mo)端廢(fei)水(shui)進行汽化，固(gu)(gu)狀形(xing)態物析(xi)出(chu)后(hou)隨煙(yan)氣進入(ru)除(chu)塵(chen)器被捕集(ji)脫除(chu)，煙(yan)氣蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)干燥技(ji)(ji)術(shu)分為主(zhu)煙(yan)道(dao)煙(yan)氣蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)、旁路(lu)煙(yan)道(dao)煙(yan)氣蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)2種，但(dan)缺(que)點(dian)是投資較大、占地(di)面積較大、影(ying)響鍋(guo)爐熱(re)效率等，目(mu)前仍未(wei)見長期穩(wen)定(ding)運行的(de)(de)案例(li)。因此，現(xian)階段(duan)(duan)穩(wen)定(ding)性高、適(shi)應性強的(de)(de)末(mo)端固(gu)(gu)化方(fang)法(fa)仍為蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)結(jie)晶(jing)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)。

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